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J. Appl. , 87(3), 1042–1048 (2000). , Laser Spectroscopy. , New York (1995). Saleh, B. E. A. and Teich, M. , New York (1991). , Principles of Lasers, Plenum Press, New York (1986). 1 INTRODUCTION Among other modern and interesting applications, light has proven to be a very useful tool in measuring and scanning techniques. This is particularly true in the field of optical spectroscopy, where the analysis of light–matter interaction phenomena provides fundamental information about the nature of both matter and light.

First, an electron in the ground state is promoted to the excited state without any change in Q 0 (the equilibrium position in the ground state). Afterwards, the electron WY062-01 WY062-Sole January 5, 2005 11:28 Char Count= 0 LUMINESCENCE 23 relaxes within the electronic state to its minimum position Q 0 , its equilibrium position in the excited state. This relaxation is a nonradiative process accompanied by phonon emissions. From this minimum Q 0 , fluorescence is produced from the excited state to the ground state, without any change in the distance coordinate, Q = Q 0 .

As τ is measured from a pulsed luminescence experiment, it is called the fluorescence or luminescence lifetime. It is important to stress that this lifetime value gives the total decay rate (radiative plus nonradiative rates). 20) where τ0 = 1/A, called the radiative lifetime, would be the luminescence decay time measured for a purely radiative process (Anr = 0). In the general case τ < τ0 , as the nonradiative rate differs from zero. 21) The previous formula indicates that the radiative lifetime τ0 (and hence the radiative rate A) can be determined from luminescence decay-time measurements if the quantum efficiency η is measured by an independent experiment.

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